俄罗斯强调液化天然气战略能源地位

据9月12日The Motor Ship报道，未来10年，俄罗斯将继续优先发展液化天然气，将其作为替代燃料。俄罗斯目前的长期政策文件是其2016年《俄罗斯联邦国家科技发展战略》，其中将“向环境友好型和资源节约型能源产业转型”列为截至2035年的七大重要主题之一。该战略包括发展国内在液化天然气燃料船舶，特别是冰级船舶建造方面的专业知识。

从燃料的角度来看，俄罗斯一直在与国内一些主要船东和运输商就高硫燃料油的潜在替代品进行讨论。替代能源包括液化天然气、液化石油气、甲醇、生物燃料、氢以及可再生能源。

波罗的海和黑海盆地的船舶运营商预计将专注于液化天然气和替代燃料。波罗的海氮氧化物排放控制区（NECA）将于2021年1月生效。

俄罗斯能源部的专家预测，未来几年，国际上对液化天然气的需求将加速增长。俄罗斯国内的液化天然气需求也将增加。正如之前报道的那样，Zvezda造船公司已经收到了15艘Arc7液化天然气运输船的订单，预计在2023年到2025年之间交付。这些订单是俄罗斯政府在2019年底批准开发北海航线的现有国家战略的一部分。

与大多数西方国家相比，该国计划利用其更发达的液化天然气供应基础设施。此外，俄罗斯已经拥有发达的港口基础设施，可以进行液化天然气的加注。

由于担心高纬度地区的碳排放和烟尘的影响，北海航线仍需受到环境审查。然而，2019年俄罗斯北极高纬度地区北海航线液化天然气航运量占比为43%。

这一点尤其重要，因为俄罗斯也开始促进在其北极地区积极开发碳氢化合物储备。这将使北海航线得到更积极的利用，并为在该航线上运行的新油轮船队的试运行创造条件。俄罗斯正计划确保这些船舶中的大多数都能使用液化天然气等环境友好型燃料。

在财政支持方面，如前所述，俄罗斯正在为执行这些计划提供支助。这包括为航运公司购买以天然气为燃料的船舶提供财政支持。此外，部分补贴将用于在俄罗斯境内建造基于液化天然气和其他替代燃料的新一代船舶。

政府还在资助建造6艘以天然气为燃料的内河船只，以及在全国各地开发10座液化天然气燃料补给站。该国第一艘液化天然气燃料内河船Chaika，在2020年8月由伏尔加河船厂JSC Zelenodolsk交付，由JSC Zelenodolsk设计局设计。

俄罗斯领先的分析和咨询公司Transport Integration副总裁Svetlana Vorontsova表示，总体而言，到2030年，液化天然气预计将占俄罗斯船用燃料销售的10%。

在替代燃料基础设施方面，俄罗斯在2015年推出了促进沼气生产的法规，但产量非常小，主要集中在国内零售市场。不过，甲醇仍然是俄罗斯一个重要的出口商品,还有一些大型扩建项目，如符拉迪沃斯托克附近的Nadhodka甲醇厂、列宁格勒地区日产1万吨的Vysotsk项目，以及远东地区日产3000吨的Technoleasing Skovodorino工厂，预计近期内产量将不断增加。

然而，俄罗斯分析人士预测，国内运输部门或国内航运燃料对甲醇的需求仍将有限。

王佳晶 摘译自 The Motor Ship

原文如下：

Russia strategy emphasises LNG above alternative fuels

Russia is set to continue prioritising the development of LNG as an alternative fuel over the coming decade, writes Eugene Gerden.

The government’s current long-term policy document, its 2016 national Strategy for Science and Technology (S&T) Development of the Russian Federation, listed “the transition to environmentally friendly and resource-saving energy industry” as one of its seven overarching themes covering the period until 2035.

The strategy included the development of domestic expertise in the construction on LNG-fuelled vessels, and ice-class vessels in particular.

From a fuel perspective, the government has been consulting with some leading domestic shipowners and shippers around potential alternatives for the replacement of HSFO fuels. The alternatives include LNG, LPG, methanol, biofuel, hydrogen and even renewables.

Ship operators in the Baltic Sea and Black Sea basins are expected to focus on LNG and alternative fuels. The Baltic Sea NOx Emission Control Area (NECA) will take effect from January 2021.

Russian Ministry of Energy experts forecast international demand for LNG will accelerate in the next few years, based on newbuilding statistics.

Domestic Russian LNG demand will also increase. As previously reported, Zvezda Shipbuilding Complex has received orders for 15 Arc7 LNG carriers, scheduled for delivery between 2023 and 2025.

The orders form part of the existing state strategy for the development of the Northern Sea Route, which was approved by the Russian government at the end of 2019.

The country plans to take advantage of its more developed LNG supply infrastructure compared with most Western states. In addition, Russia already has well developed port infrastructure, which allows it to conduct LNG bunkering.

The Northern Sea Route remains subject to environmental scrutiny, amid concerns about the impact of emissions and soot at high latitudes. However, the share of LNG-fuelled marine traffic along the Northern Sea Route in the Russian High Arctic in 2019 amounted to 43%.

This is particularly relevant as the Russian government is also beginning to promote active development of hydrocarbon reserves in its Arctic region. This will lead to more active utilisation of the Northern Sea Route and create conditions for the commissioning of a new tanker fleet, that will operate on it. The state is planning to ensure that the majority of these ships will be operated on the basis of environmentally friendly fuels, such as LNG.

As previously discussed, the Russian government is providing support for the implementation of these plans. This includes financial support for shipping companies to purchase LNG-fuelled vessels.

In addition, part of subsidies will be allocated for construction of new generation vessels, based on LNG and other alternative fuels, within the territory of Russia.

The government is also funding the construction of six LNG-fuelled river vessels, as well as the development of 10 LNG bunkering stations throughout the country. The country's first LNG-fuelled river vessel, Chaika, was delivered by Volga River-based shipyard JSC Zelenodolsk in August 2020. The vessel was designed by JSC Zelenodolsk Design Bureau.

As previously reported, the Russian government is also understood to be considering lifting VAT on imported components or parts for the marine sector, in order to lower the cost of domestic production.

Overall, LNG is expected to account for 10% of bunker fuel sales in Russia by 2030, Svetlana Vorontsova, vice-president of Transport Integration, a leading Russian analysis and consulting company, told The Motorship.

The government introduced regulations to promote the production of biogas in 2015, but volumes are very small and focused on the domestic retail market.

Methanol remains an important export commodity for Russia, and a number of large expansion projects, such as the Nadhodka methanol plant near Vladivostok, the 10,000 tonne per day Vysotsk project in the Leningrad region, or the Technoleasing 3,000 tpd Skovodorino plant in the Far East, are expected to lift production will only increase in the immediate future.

Nevertheless, demand for methanol from the domestic transport sector or as a fuel for domestic shipping is expected to remain limited, Russian analysts predict.