哥伦比亚石油工业正显示出复苏迹象

据油价网9月7日报道，尽管由于油价长期低迷，今年8月全球钻机数量仍远低于去年同期，但哥伦比亚至关重要的石油工业似乎正在复苏。据贝克休斯（Baker Hughes）上周五报道称，在这个饱受折磨的拉丁美洲国家中，有7台在用石油钻机，而没有在用天然气钻机。 这是连续第三个月钻机数量增加，尽管仍不到2019年同期的三分之一。

直到今年5月底，随着强制封锁的放松，在哥伦比亚运营的能源公司开始重启非必要的业务，关键经济部门重新开放。这对哥伦比亚很重要，因为这个安第斯山脉国家依赖石油生产作为一个关键的经济驱动力。根据中央政府统计机构DANE的数据显示，今年7月，石油占出口总值的25%，约合6300亿美元。这意味着石油和衍生产品价值急剧下降了51%，这可以归咎于石油产量大幅下降和价格大幅下跌。

今年7月份，哥伦比亚石油日均产量为73.5万桶，虽然比一个月前高出近1%，但明显低于2019年同期的86.9万桶。

今年3月，油价暴跌及新冠疫情爆发，哥伦比亚石油工业的前景一度黯淡。由于油价下跌，石油公司关闭了不具经济效益的生产，并暂停了非必要的业务，哥伦比亚至关重要的石油行业的资本支出和投资大幅下降。这场危机是在乐观的2020年开局之后出现的。今年1月，哥伦比亚的最大工业机构哥伦比亚石油协会 (ACP)预测，年投资将同比增长23%，达到近50亿美元。随着油价暴跌的加剧，4月份ACP将这一数字大幅削减，由于石油公司大幅削减开支，削减了10亿多美元。据估计，维护和开发支出将减少6.7亿美元，勘探投资预计将减少3.7亿美元。

勘探减少尤其令人担忧，因为哥伦比亚的石油储量有限，总计仅略高于20亿桶，按目前的速度，大约相当于六年的产量。对于一个严重依赖石油出口为现金短缺的中央政府创造财政收入、推动经济增长的国家来说，钻机数量的增加是一个积极的指标。另一个好消息是，自波哥大9月份重新开放经济以来，哥伦比亚三大私营石油生产商正在提高产量。

郝芬 译自 油价网

原文如下：

Colombia’s Oil Industry Is Showing Signs Of Recovery

While the August 2020 global rig count remains significantly lower than for the same period last year, because of oil’s protracted price slump, Colombia’s economically crucial petroleum industry appears to be recovering. Baker Hughes reported on Friday that there were seven active rigs in the strife-torn Latin American country, all of the oil rigs with no active natural gas rigs. This is the third straight month where the volume of operational rigs has increased, although it is still less than a third of what it was for the same month in 2019.

It was back in late-May 2020 that energy companies operating in Colombia began to recommence non-essential operations as the compulsory lockdown was eased to allow. crucial economic sectors to reopen. This is important for Colombia because of the Andean country’s reliance on oil production as a key economic driver. For July 2020 data from the central government’s statistical agency, DANE, showed petroleum was responsible for 25%, or $630 billion, of exports by value. This represents a steep 51% decline in the value of petroleum and derivative products which can be blamed on sharply lower oil production and substantially weaker prices.

During July, Colombia produced an average of 735,000 barrels of oil daily which, while almost 1% greater than a month earlier, was significantly lower than the 869,000 pumped for that month in 2019.

The outlook for Colombia’s petroleum industry appeared dire when oil prices collapsed in March 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic emerged. Capital spending and investment in Colombia’s vital oil industry fell sharply as oil companies shuttered uneconomic production because of weaker prices and suspended non-essential operations. This crisis emerged after an optimistic start to 2020. In January, Colombia’s peak industry body, the Colombian Petroleum Association (ACP Spanish acronym), predicted that annual investment would grow 23% year over year to almost $5 billion. That number was slashed by the ACP in April, as the oil price rout bit deeper, by just over $1 billion because of significant spending reductions by oil companies. This was estimated would see maintenance and development spending fall by $670 million while investment in exploration was expected to decline $370 million. Reduced exploration is particularly worrying because of Colombia’s limited oil reserves totaling just over 2 billion barrels or roughly six years of production at the current rate. The rising rig count is a positive indicator for a country heavily dependent on oil exports to generate fiscal income for the cash strapped central government and drive economic growth. In further good news, Colombia’s three largest privately-owned oil producers are ramping up production since Bogota reopened the economy in September.