API: 4-5月美国石油需求恢复14%

据Oil & Gas Journal网站6月19日消息 美国石油协会（API）最新月度统计报告显示，5月份美国石油需求（以国内石油总交付量衡量）为1620万桶/日，比2019年5月的水平低20.0%，但比4月增加了14%（200万桶/日），为1975年12月以来的最大增幅。

超过80%的增长由车用汽油推动，同时，为了防止疫情传播，国内订单逐渐放松。

5月份，以车用汽油总交付量衡量的消费汽油需求为730万桶/日，比4月份增长了28.9%，为1945年以来有记录以来的最大月度增长。不过，汽油需求仍较2019年5月的水平低22.5%，为1986年以来的当月最低水平。

与此同时，美国汽车协会的数据显示，美国传统汽油平均价格仍然较低，继4月份下降16.8%（39.1美分/加仑）后，上涨了1.2%（2.3美分/加仑）。

汽油需求的反弹在城乡地区似乎一致。4-5月，以城市为主的改型汽油增长27.3%，以农村为主的常规汽油需求增长29.7%。

5月份，340万桶/日的蒸馏油交付量与2019年5月相比下降了17%，但比4月份上升了4.8%。与汽油相比，因疫情影响，蒸馏油的需求并没有下降那么多，而且随着州经济的重新开放和货运量的季节性增长，5月份的卡车货运量也逐渐增加。

5月份，煤油喷气燃料交付量为50万桶/日，较4月份下降20%，较2019年5月下降72.3%，为1967年4月以来的最低交付量。喷气燃料是唯一一种主要的精炼产品，由于空中旅行恢复仍难以捉摸，5月份的交付量有所下降。美国5月份的定期航班与1月份的每班相比下降了48%。国际航空运输协会（IATA）报告称，4月份是最残酷的一个月，随着旅客需求蒸发，预计2020年航空公司的财务损失将达到840亿美元。

王磊 摘译自 Oil & Gas Journal

原文如下：

API: US petroleum demand recovered 14% between April and May

US petroleum demand, as measured by total domestic petroleum deliveries, was 16.2 million b/d in May, according to the American Petroleum Institute’s latest monthly statistical report. This was 20.0% below the May 2019 level but reflected an increase of 14% (2 million b/d) from April—the largest percentage increase for any month since December 1975.

More than 80% of the increase was driven by motor gasoline and the gradual loosening of stay-at-home orders to prevent transmission of COVID-19.

Consumer gasoline demand, measured by total motor gasoline deliveries, was 7.3 million b/d in May. This was an increase of 28.9% from April and the largest monthly increase on record since 1945. However, gasoline demand was still 22.5% below its level in May 2019 and at its lowest for the month since 1986.

Meanwhile, US average conventional gasoline prices remained low, rising by 1.2% (2.3￠/gal) following a 16.8% (39.1￠/gal) decrease in April, according to AAA.

The gasoline demand rebound appeared to be consistent across urban and rural areas. Between April and May, reformulated-type gasoline, which is consumed primarily in urban areas, increased by 27.3% m/m, while demand for conventional gasoline that is mainly consumed in rural areas increased by 29.7% m/m.

In May, distillate deliveries of 3.4 million b/d were down 17% compared with May 2019 but up 4.8% from April. Compared with gasoline, distillates demand did not drop as much through COVID-19 and also increased more gradually in May along with a rise in truck freight due to state economies reopening and a seasonal uptick in freight shipping volumes.

Kerosene jet fuel deliveries were 500,000 b/d in May, a decrease of 20% from April and 72.3% versus May 2019 – and the lowest deliveries since April 1967. Jet fuel was the only major refined product with deliveries that fell in May as COVID-19 air travel recovery remained elusive. US scheduled flights in May remained down by 48% compared with January per Flightradar24. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) reported that “April was the cruelest month” and with “evaporated passenger demand” projected airline financial losses of $84 billion in 2020.