2019年化石燃料补贴近5000亿美元

据能源世界网6月9日巴黎报道，根据两个政府间机构联合报告称，尽管有气候危机，但全球各国政府在2019年向化石燃料提供了将近5000亿美元的补贴。

根据国际能源署（IEA）的数据显示，与2018年相比，仅矿物燃料消耗的补贴减少了1200亿美元，降幅为27％，这主要是由于石油和天然气价格下降。

大力支持使用石油和天然气的政府包括沙特、中国、俄罗斯、印度尼西亚、埃及、印度等。

与此同时，经济合作与发展组织（OECD）报告称，在2019年对44个富裕和新兴经济体的化石燃料生产补贴（以现金，税收减免和其他信贷的形式）增加了38％，达到550亿美元。

IEA和OECD在上周末发表的联合声明中表示，去年，77个经济体的消费和生产补贴合计达4,780亿美元，同比下降18％。

OECD环境绩效和信息部门负责人纳塔莉·吉鲁亚德（Nathalie Girouard）告诉法新社称，补贴的财政负担意味着更少的资源可能用于其他公共资金，无论是用于清洁能源研究、创新还是加强社会安全网。

燃烧石油，天然气和煤炭-占全球初级能源使用的80％以上-是导致全球变暖的温室气体的主要来源。

各国政府早就认识到有必要停止支撑化石燃料的生产和使用。

早在2009年，负责二氧化碳排放80%的G20国家就承诺逐步取消化石燃料补贴。

但是，到目前为止，他们还没有兑现这一承诺。

OECD秘书长古里亚(Angel Gurria)在一份声明中表示，我很遗憾看到在逐步取消化石燃料支持的努力上出现一些倒退。对化石燃料进行补贴是对公共资金的低效使用，并加剧了温室气体排放和空气污染。

千载难逢的机会-商业领袖们还指出，有必要停止为石油，天然气及其衍生物的生产和使用提供资金支持。

去年12月，管理着超过37万亿$资产的631家机构投资者批准了巴黎气候条约(Paris Climate Treaty)将全球变暖限制在两摄氏度的目标，并呼吁各国政府“在规定的期限内逐步取消化石燃料补贴”。

IEA执行董事法蒂希比罗尔(FatihBirol)表示，随着2020年上半年因疫情封锁导致石油、天然气和煤炭价格下跌，政府需要支持其处境最不利的公民的能源需求，同时将释放出来的资金投入到更绿色的经济中。今天的化石燃料价格低廉为各国提供了逐步淘汰消费补贴的绝好机会。必须避免促使污染和低效技术的市场扭曲。

根据能源与清洁空气研究中心的数据，燃烧化石燃料每年导致约450万人过早死亡。

IEA能源分析师Wataru Matsumura和Zakia Adam去年在博客中写道，许多补贴的针对性很差，不成比例地使使用更多补贴燃料的富裕人口受益。这种无针对性的补贴政策会鼓励浪费性消费，推高排放量，并使政府预算紧张。

郝芬 译自 能源世界网

原文如下:

2019 fossil fuel subsidies nearly $500 bn: OECD/IEA

Climate crisis notwithstanding, governments subsidised fossil fuels in 2019 to the tune of nearly half-a-trillion dollars, two intergovernmental agencies have jointly reported.

Subsidies for fossil fuel consumption alone declined $120 billion, or 27 percent, compared to 2018 due mainly to lower oil and gas prices, according to International Energy Agency (IEA) figures.

Governments that heavily support the use of oil and gas includeSaudi Arabia, China, Russia, Indonesia, Egypt, India etc..

At the same time, subsidies for fossil fuel production -- in the form of cash, tax breaks and other credits -- increased across 44 rich and emerging economies in 2019 by 38 percent to $55 billion, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) reported.

Combined subsidies for both consumption and production last year totalled $478 billion in 77 economies, an 18 percent drop compared to the year before, the IEA and OECD said in a joint statement, released at the end of last week.

"The fiscal burden of subsidies means that fewer resources can be potentially devoted to other public funding, be it for clean-energy research, innovation or to strengthen social safety nets," Nathalie Girouard, head of the OECD's environmental performance and information division, told AFP.

Burning oil, gas and coal -- which account for more than 80 percent of global primary energy use -- is the main source of the greenhouse gases that drive global warming.

Governments have long recognised the need to stop propping up fossil fuel production and use.

As early as 2009, G20 nations responsible for 80 percent of CO2 emissions pledged to gradually eliminate fossil fuel subsidies.

So far, however, they have failed to deliver on that promise.

"I am saddened to see some backsliding on efforts to phase out fossil fuel support," OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurria said in a statement.

"Subsidising fossil fuels is an inefficient use of public money and serves to worsen greenhouse emissions and air pollution."

- 'Golden opportunity' - Business leaders have also flagged the need to stop bankrolling the production and use of oil, gas and their derivatives.

In December, 631 institutional investors managing more than $37 trillion in assets endorsed the Paris climate treaty goal of capping global warming at two degrees Celsius and called on governments to "phase out fossil fuel subsidies by set deadlines".

With oil, gas and coal prices dropping through the floor due to COVID lockdowns in the first part of 2020, governments need to support the energy needs of their least advantaged citizens while channelling the money freed up into a greener economy, said IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol.

"Today's low fossil fuel prices offer countries a golden opportunity to phase out consumption subsidies," he said.

"It is essential to avoid market distortions that favour polluting and inefficient technologies."

Burning fossil fuels causes some 4.5 million premature deaths each year, according to the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air.

"Many subsidies are poorly targeted, disproportionally benefiting wealthier segments of the population that use much more of the subsidised fuel," IEA energy analysts Wataru Matsumura and Zakia Adam wrote in a blog last year.

"Such untargeted subsidy policies encourage wasteful consumption, pushing up emissions and straining government budgets."