EIA: 去年美国天然气产量增加了10%

据油田技术3月10日报道，美国能源信息署(EIA)发现，2019年美国天然气产量增加了98亿立方英尺/天，较2018年增加了10%。这一增幅略低于2018年105亿立方英尺/天的年度增幅。

根据EIA的月度原油和天然气产量报告，2019年，以总采出量(天然气产量最全面的衡量标准)衡量的美国天然气产量平均为1115亿立方英尺/天，创下历史最高纪录。以市场销售天然气产量和干气产量衡量，美国天然气产量也分别创下992亿立方英尺/天和922亿立方英尺/天的新高。

2019年11月，美国天然气总开采量创下1168亿立方英尺/天的月度新高。2019年11月，已上市天然气产量和干气产量也分别创下1036亿立方英尺/天和964亿立方英尺/天的月度新高。

随着天然气产量的增加，通过液化和管道的天然气出口量连续第五年增加，至128亿立方英尺/天的年平均水平。在2019年29亿立方英尺/天的天然气出口增量中，液化天然气出口占了20亿立方英尺/天。2019年12月，管道天然气和液化天然气总出口量分别达到84亿立方英尺/天和71亿立方英尺/天的月度新高。

2019年，美国天然气出口量继续高于进口量，天然气净出口量平均为52亿立方英尺/天。通过管道出口的天然气也超过了进口，这至少是自1985年以来的首次，主要原因是向加拿大和墨西哥输送天然气的管道容量增加。

阿巴拉契亚地区仍然是美国最大的天然气产区。来自俄亥俄州、西弗吉尼亚州和宾夕法尼亚州的页岩天然气产量继续增长，总开采量从2018年的286亿立方英尺/天增加到2019年的321亿立方英尺/天。在阿巴拉契亚地区，宾夕法尼亚州的天然气总采收率增幅最大，在2019年增加了21亿立方英尺/天，达到191亿立方英尺/天。

美国境内，宾夕法尼亚州的产量增幅仅次于德克萨斯州，德州的总开采量增加了36亿立方英尺/天，达到创纪录的280亿立方英尺/天。德州天然气产量的增长主要来自二叠纪盆地和海恩斯维尔页岩地层的开发。根据EIA的钻井产能报告， 2019年，二叠纪盆地的天然气产量增加了34亿立方英尺/天，同比增长30%，而海恩斯维尔页岩地层的产量增加了24亿立方英尺/天，增幅为26%。

王佳晶 摘译自 油田技术

原文如下：

EIA: US natural gas production increased by 10% in 2019

The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) has found that US natural gas production grew by 9.8 billion ft3/d in 2019, a 10% increase from 2018. The increase was slightly less than the 2018 annual increase of 10.5 billion ft3/d.

US natural gas production measured as gross withdrawals (the most comprehensive measure of natural gas production) averaged 111.5 billion ft3/d in 2019, the highest volume on record, according to the EIA's Monthly Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production Report. U.S. natural gas production, when measured as marketed natural gas production and dry natural gas production, also reached new highs at 99.2 billion ft3/d and 92.2 billion ft3/d, respectively.

U.S. natural gas gross withdrawals recorded a monthly high of 116.8 billion ft3/d in November 2019. Marketed natural gas production and dry natural gas production also reached monthly record highs of 103.6 billion ft3/d and 96.4 billion ft3/d, respectively, in November 2019.

As natural gas production increased, the volume of natural gas exports—both through pipelines and as LNG—increased for the fifth consecutive year to an annual average of 12.8 billion ft3/d. LNG exports accounted for 2 billion ft3/d of the 2.9 billion ft3/d increase in gross natural gas exports in 2019. Both pipeline and LNG gross exports of natural gas reached record monthly highs in December 2019 of 8.4 billion ft3/d and 7.1 billion ft3/d, respectively.

The US continued to export more natural gas than it imported in 2019, and net natural gas exports averaged 5.2 billion ft3/d. In 2019, the US also exported more natural gas by pipeline than it imported for the first time since at least 1985, mainly because of increased pipeline capacity to send natural gas to Canada and Mexico.

The Appalachian region remains the largest natural gas producing region in the US. Appalachian natural gas production from the Marcellus and Utica/Point Pleasant shales of Ohio, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania continues to grow; gross withdrawals increased from 28.6 billion ft3/d in 2018 to 32.1 billion ft3/d in 2019. Within the Appalachian region, Pennsylvania had the largest increase in gross withdrawals of natural gas, increasing by 2.1 billion ft3/d in 2019 to reach 19.1 billion ft3/d.

Nationally, Pennsylvania’s increase was second to that of Texas, where gross withdrawals increased by 3.6 billion ft3/d to a record annual production of 28 billion ft3/d. Texas’s increase in natural gas production is mainly from development in the Permian Basin and Haynesville shale formations. According to the EIA’s Drilling Productivity Report, natural gas production in the Permian Basin increased by 3.4 billion ft3/d in 2019, or 30%, and production in the Haynesville formation increased by 2.4 billion ft3/d, or 26% compared with the previous year.?